Understanding PTSD and how it is treated.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. This can include accidents, violence, war, natural disasters, or the loss of a loved one. PTSD causes people to feel as if they are still trapped in the traumatic moment, even when they are safe.

People with PTSD often experience nightmares, flashbacks (reliving the trauma repeatedly), and heightened anxiety. They may also avoid places or people that remind them of the trauma. The good news is that PTSD is treatable, and different individuals may benefit from different treatment approaches.

Common signs and symptoms of PTSD.

PTSD affects people in various ways, but there are four main symptom categories to watch for. Symptoms can appear days, weeks, or even years after the trauma:

1. Re-experiencing the Trauma.

• Flashbacks: Feeling as if the trauma is happening again
• Nightmares: Disturbing dreams related to the event
• Intrusive thoughts: Unwanted memories that are hard to control

These experiences can cause physical reactions like fear, sweating, or rapid heartbeat, even when safe.

2. Avoidance behavior.

• Avoiding places, people, or conversations related to the trauma
• Emotional numbness or unwillingness to discuss the event
• Avoiding activities that once brought joy.

Avoidance may seem protective but can worsen PTSD by reinforcing fear.

3. Negative changes in mood and thinking.

• Feeling detached or disconnected from others
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
• Guilt, shame, or self-blame related to the trauma
• Distrust of others and pessimistic worldviews.

These symptoms impact daily relationships and functioning.

4. Hyperarousal and heightened alertness.

• Difficulty sleeping or relaxing
• Being easily startled or irritable
• Trouble concentrating or managing anger.

This reflects the brain’s “survival mode,” keeping the body on high alert.

Types of PTSD treatment and therapies.

PTSD can be effectively managed with various treatments. Often, therapists combine methods for the best outcomes:

• Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT): Helps patients understand and change negative thought patterns related to trauma.
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Uses guided eye movements to reprocess traumatic memories, reducing their emotional impact.
• Exposure therapy: Gradually and safely exposes patients to trauma reminders to reduce fear responses.
• Medication: Antidepressants and anxiety medications can help manage symptoms alongside therapy.
• Group therapy and support Groups: Sharing experiences with others who have PTSD can offer comfort and coping strategies.

PTSD in children vs. adults.

Children and adults experience PTSD differently, so their treatments also need to be different.

• Children with PTSD may act out their trauma through play, have trouble sleeping, or become very clingy with their parents. Therapists often use play therapy or art therapy to help them express their emotions in a safe and supportive way.
• Adults with PTSD may struggle with work, relationships, and daily activities. They may benefit from therapy that focuses on thought patterns and relaxation techniques to help them feel more grounded.

Complex PTSD (C-PTSD).

Some people go through prolonged trauma, such as childhood abuse, domestic violence, or repeated exposure to danger. This can lead to Complex PTSD (C-PTSD), which differs somewhat from standard PTSD. People with C-PTSD may struggle to trust others, feel deep shame, or have difficulty managing their emotions.

Treatment for C-PTSD often involves longer therapy sessions and a greater focus on building self-esteem and a sense of safety before addressing the trauma itself.

How therapy can help.

Seeking help for PTSD can feel overwhelming, but professional therapy offers a path to healing. Whether in-person or online, therapy helps by:

• Offering flexible sessions that fit your life
• Matching you with the right therapist based on your needs
• Providing a safe space to understand and manage your symptoms
• Teaching coping skills to regain control and improve well-being

Take a stress test to understand your stress levels.

If stress is overwhelming or persistent, a stress assessment like the PSS-10 can provide insight into your stress levels and guide you towards seeking professional help.

Take the test.